12/1/2022 0 Comments The sun origin review![]() Solar flares are thought to be caused by sudden magnetic field changes in areas where the sun's magnetic field is concentrated. Sometimes in complex sunspot groups, abrupt, violent explosions from the sun occur. Upon reaching this height, they can erupt for a few minutes to hours and send large amounts of material racing through the corona and outward into space at 600 miles per second (1,000 kilometers per second) these eruptions are called coronal mass ejections. Prominences can last two to three months and can extend 30,000 miles (50,000 kilometers) or more above the sun's surface. These arches of gas are called solar prominences. Occasionally, clouds of gases from the chromosphere will rise and orient themselves along the magnetic lines from sunspot pairs. When they reach the equator, they break up and sunspots decline. When they roll against each other, they form spots. ![]() Huge tubes of gas circle the sun's interior at high latitudes and begin to move toward the equator.Eventually, the field lines break apart and sunspot activity decreases. The twisted field lines break through the surface forming sunspot pairs. Uneven rotation of the sun distorts and twists magnetic field lines in the interior.Let's take a look at three of them: sunspots, solar prominences and solar flares. Through telescope images we can see several interesting features on the sun that can have effects here on Earth. Coronal holes are relatively cool and are thought to be areas where particles of the solar wind escape. The corona has bright areas (hot) and dark areas called coronal holes. Although no one is sure why the corona is so hot, it is thought to be caused by the sun's magnetism. The temperature of the corona averages 2 million degrees Kelvin. It can be seen best during a solar eclipse and in X-ray images of the sun. The corona is the final layer of the sun and extends several million miles or kilometers outward from the other spheres. Spicules may also follow along magnetic field lines of the sun, which are made by the movements of gases inside the sun. Each spicule rises to approximately 3,000 miles (5,000 kilometers) above the photosphere and lasts only a few minutes. As gases churn in the photosphere, they produce shock waves that heat the surrounding gas and send it piercing through the chromosphere in millions of tiny spikes of hot gas called spicules. The chromosphere is thought to be heated by convection within the underlying photosphere. The temperature rises across the chromosphere from 4,500 degrees Kelvin to about 10,000 degrees Kelvin. The chromosphere extends above the photosphere to about 1,200 miles (2,000 kilometers). Therefore, the outer edge of the photosphere looks dark, an effect called limb darkening that accounts for the clear crisp edge of the sun's surface. This makes them less opaque to the human eye. As we pass up through the photosphere, the temperature drops and the gases, because they are cooler, do not emit as much light energy. The bumps are the upper surfaces of the convection current cells beneath each granulation can be 600 miles (1,000 kilometers) wide. It appears granulated or bubbly, much like the surface of a simmering pot of water. ![]() It is 180-240 miles (300-400 kilometers wide) and has an average temperature of 5,800 degrees Kelvin. "The surface of the sun" typically refers to the photosphere, at least in lay terms. The photosphere is the lowest region of the sun's atmosphere and is the region that we can see. However, the sun's is composed of the photosphere, the chromosphere and the corona. Just like Earth, the sun boasts an atmosphere. We've finally made our way to the surface. ![]()
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12/1/2022 0 Comments Critical role call of cthulhu![]() As the characters learn more of the true horrors of the world and the irrelevance of humanity, their sanity (represented by "Sanity Points", abbreviated SAN) inevitably withers away. Often, happenings begin innocently enough, until more and more of the workings behind the scenes are revealed. The players take the roles of ordinary people drawn into the realm of the mysterious: detectives, criminals, scholars, artists, war veterans, etc. For example, the artist character might draw especially well or especially fast, or catch some unapparent detail in the drawing. Rolling 1⁄ 5 or less of the skill level (1-15 in the example) would be a "special success" (or an "impale" for combat skills) and would yield some extra bonus to be determined by the keeper. For example, an artist may have a 75% chance of being able to draw something (represented by having 75 in Art skill), and thus rolling a number under 75 would yield a success. Every player statistic is intended to be compatible with the notion that there is a probability of success for a particular action given what the player is capable of doing. The game does not use levels.ĬoC uses percentile dice (with a results ranging from 1 to 100) to determine success or failure. They do not, however, gain hit points and do not become significantly harder to kill. It is skill-based, with player characters getting better with their skills by succeeding at using them for as long as they stay functionally healthy and sane. The system also includes ideas for non-Lovecraft games, such as using folk horror or the settings of other authors and horror movies, or with entirely custom settings and creatures by the gamemaster and/or players.ĬoC uses the Basic Role-Playing system first developed for RuneQuest and used in other Chaosium games. While predominantly focused on Lovecraftian fiction and horror, playing in the Cthulhu Mythos is not required. ![]() In keeping with the Lovecraftian theme, the gamemaster is called the Keeper of Arcane Lore ("the keeper"), while player characters are called Investigators of the Unknown ("investigators"). ![]() The protagonists may also travel to places that are not of this earth, such as the Dreamlands (which can be accessed through dreams as well as being physically connected to the earth), other planets, or the voids of space. Recent settings include 1000 AD ( Cthulhu: Dark Ages), the 23rd century ( Cthulhu Rising) and Ancient Rome ( Cthulhu Invictus). Cthulhu Now and Delta Green are set in a modern/1980s era and deal with conspiracies. The Cthulhu by Gaslight supplement blends the occult and Holmesian mystery and is mostly set in England during the 1890s. Lovecraft's observation (from his essay, " Supernatural Horror in Literature") that "The oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown." The original edition, first published in 1981, uses Basic Role-Playing as its basis and is set in the 1920s, the setting of many of Lovecraft's stories. ![]() Call of Cthulhu is set in a darker version of our world based on H. ![]() 12/1/2022 0 Comments Linda on my mind![]() ![]() ![]() The Browns and twelve other local black families in similar situations filed a class-action lawsuit in U.S. The underlying case began in 1951 when the public school system in Topeka, Kansas, refused to enroll local black resident Oliver Brown's daughter at the elementary school closest to their home, instead requiring her to ride a bus to a segregated black school farther away. The Court's decision in Brown paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that had come to be known as " separate but equal". Ferguson, which had held that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. The decision partially overruled the Court's 1896 decision Plessy v. ![]() state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that U.S. Richmond County Board of Education (1899)īrown v. This case overturned a previous ruling or rulingsĬumming v. District Court of Kansas reversed.Ĭhief Justice Earl Warren Associate Justices Hugo Black Segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because separate facilities are inherently unequal. 1955) motion to intervene granted, 84 F.R.D. 1951) probable jurisdiction noted, 344 U.S. ![]() |
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